Thanks to everyone who contributed to analyzing this issue. It is clearly a compiler bug. It appears to only happen when there is a lifted conversion involving two nullable types on the left-hand side of the coalescing operator.
I have not yet identified where precisely things go wrong, but at some point during the "nullable lowering" phase of compilation -- after initial analysis but before code generation -- we reduce the expression
result = Foo() ?? y;
from the example above to the moral equivalent of:
A? temp = Foo();
result = temp.HasValue ?
new int?(A.op_implicit(Foo().Value)) :
y;
Clearly that is incorrect; the correct lowering is
result = temp.HasValue ?
new int?(A.op_implicit(temp.Value)) :
y;
My best guess based on my analysis so far is that the nullable optimizer is going off the rails here. We have a nullable optimizer that looks for situations where we know that a particular expression of nullable type cannot possibly be null. Consider the following naive analysis: we might first say that
result = Foo() ?? y;
is the same as
A? temp = Foo();
result = temp.HasValue ?
(int?) temp :
y;
and then we might say that
conversionResult = (int?) temp
is the same as
A? temp2 = temp;
conversionResult = temp2.HasValue ?
new int?(op_Implicit(temp2.Value)) :
(int?) null
But the optimizer can step in and say "whoa, wait a minute, we already checked that temp is not null; there's no need to check it for null a second time just because we are calling a lifted conversion operator". We'd them optimize it away to just
new int?(op_Implicit(temp2.Value))
My guess is that we are somewhere caching the fact that the optimized form of (int?)Foo()
is new int?(op_implicit(Foo().Value))
but that is not actually the optimized form we want; we want the optimized form of Foo()-replaced-with-temporary-and-then-converted.
Many bugs in the C# compiler are a result of bad caching decisions. A word to the wise: every time you cache a fact for use later, you are potentially creating an inconsistency should something relevant change. In this case the relevant thing that has changed post initial analysis is that the call to Foo() should always be realized as a fetch of a temporary.
We did a lot of reorganization of the nullable rewriting pass in C# 3.0. The bug reproduces in C# 3.0 and 4.0 but not in C# 2.0, which means that the bug was probably my bad. Sorry!
I'll get a bug entered into the database and we'll see if we can get this fixed up for a future version of the language. Thanks again everyone for your analysis; it was very helpful!
UPDATE: I rewrote the nullable optimizer from scratch for Roslyn; it now does a better job and avoids these sorts of weird errors. For some thoughts on how the optimizer in Roslyn works, see my series of articles which begins here: https://ericlippert.com/2012/12/20/nullable-micro-optimizations-part-one/
Okay, I have done some thinking and testing. This is what happens:
int value = nullableInt?.Value;
Gives this error message when compiling:
Type 'int' does not contain a definition for `Value'
That means that ?
'converts' the int?
into the actual int
value. This is effectively the same as:
int value = nullableInt ?? default(int);
The result is an integer, which doesn't have a Value
, obviously.
Okay, might this help?
int value = nullableInt?;
No, that syntax isn't allowed.
So what then? Just keep using .GetValueOrDefault()
for this case.
int value = nullableInt.GetValueOrDefault();
Best Answer
What you actually have is
and
int? >= int
is perfectly legal.The reason it was split there is the documentation for the operator states "If one operation in a chain of conditional member access and index operation returns null, then the rest of the chain’s execution stops. Other operations with lower precedence in the expression continue." That means
.?
will only evaluate things with the same precedence or higher before it "creates a value".If you look at the order of operator precedence you will see that "Relational and Type-testing Operators" are much lower in the list so the value will be created before the
>=
is applied.UPDATE: Because it was brought up in the comments, here is the C# 5 spec section on how the
>=
and other operators behave when dealing with a nullable value. I could not find a document for C# 6.